HISTORY OF NURSING

1633 - The founding of the Sisters (or Daughters) of Charity, Servants of the Sick Poor by Sts. Vincent de Paul and Louise de Merillac.
1640 - The Sisters assume charge of a hospital at Angers, France.
1645 - Jeanne Mance establishes North America's first hospital, l'Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal.
1654 and 1656 - Sisters of Charity care for the wounded on the battlefields at Sedan and Arras in France.
1660 - Over 40 houses of the Sisters of Charity exist in France and several in other countries; the sick poor are helped in their own dwellings in 26 parishes in Paris.

1755 - Rabia Choraya, head nurse or matron in the Moroccan Army. She traveled with Braddock’s army during the French & Indian War.
1783 - James Derham, a slave from New Orleans, buys his freedom with money earned working as a nurse.

1836 Nursing Society of Philadelphia
1850 instructional school for nurses opened by NSP
1854 Nightingale appointed as the Superintendent of Nursing Staff
1855 Nightingale Fund established
1861-1865 The Civil war, American Army nurses corps
1872, 73 formal nursing training programs were established, establishment of formal education.

1844 - Dorothea Dix testifies to the New Jersey legislature regarding the state's poor treatment of patients with mental illness.

1850 - Florence Nightingale, a pioneer of modern nursing, begins her training as a nurse at the Institute of St. Vincent de Paul at Alexandria, Egypt
1853 - Florence Nightingale visits the Daughters of Charity in their Motherhouse in Paris to learn their methods.
1854 - Florence Nightingale and 38 volunteer nurses are sent to Turkey on October 21 to assist with caring for the injured of the Crimean War.
1855 - Mary Seacole leaves London on January 27 to establish a "British Hotel" at Balaklava in the Crimea.
1856 - Biddy Mason is granted her freedom and moves to Los Angeles. She works as a nurse and midwife and becomes a successful businesswoman.
1857 - Ellen Ranyard creates the first group of paid social workers in England and pioneers the first district nursing programme in London.

1860 - Florence Nightingale's Notes on Nursing: What it is and What it is Not is published.
1861 - Sally Louisa Tompkins opens a hospital for Confederate soldiers in July. She is later made an officer in the army, the only woman to receive that honor.
1867 - Jane Currie Blaikie Hoge publishes her memoirs of nursing in the Union Army, The Boys in Blue.

1873 - Linda Richards is graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children Training School for Nurses and officially becomes America's First Trained Nurse.
1873 - The nation's first nursing school, based on Florence Nightingale's principles of nursing, opens at Bellevue Hospital, New York City.

1881 - Clara Barton becomes the first President of the American Red Cross, which she founded, on May 21.
1884 - Mary Agnes Snively, the first Ontario nurse trained according to the principles of Florence Nightingale, assumes the position of Lady Superintendent of the Toronto General Hospital’s School of Nursing.
1886 - The Nightingale, the first American nursing journal, is published.
1888 The monthly journal The Trained Nurse begins publication in Buffalo, New York.



1893 - Lillian Wald, the founder of visiting nursing in the U.S., begins teaching a home class on nursing for Lower East Side (New York) women after a trying time at an orphanage where children were maltreated.
1893 - The Nightingale Pledge, composed by Lystra Gretter, is first used by the graduating class at the old Harper Hospital in Detroit, Michigan in the spring.
1897 - The American Nurses Association holds its first meeting in February, as the "Nurses' Associated Alumnae of the United States and Canada".
1899 - Anna E. Turner goes to Cuba on a cattle boat with nine other nurses to serve two years at a yellow fever hospital in Havana.
1899 - The International Council of Nurses is formed.

1901 - New Zealand is the first country to regulate nurses nationally, with adoption of the Nurses Registration Act on September 12.
1902 - Ellen Dougherty of New Zealand becomes the first registered nurse in the world on February 10.
1902 - New York City Board of Education hires Lina Rogers Struthers as North America’s first school nurse.
1902 - The Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service replaces, by royal warrant, the Army Nursing Service.
1908 - The United States Navy Nurse Corps is established.
1908 - Representatives of 16 organized nursing bodies meet in Ottawa to form the Canadian National Association of Trained Nurses, which will become the Canadian Nurses Association in 1911.
1909 - The American Red Cross Nursing Service is formed.
1909 - The University of Minnesota bestows the first bachelors degree in nursing, setting a new standard in the training of nurses.

1916 - The Royal College of Nursing is founded.
1918 - Lenah Higbee is awarded the Navy Cross for distinguished service in the line of her profession and unusual and conspicuous devotion to duty as superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps.
1919 - The UK passes the Nursing Act of 1919, which provides for registration of nurses, but it will not become effective until 1923.


1921 - Sophie Mannerheim, a pioneer of modern nursing in Finland, accepts the chairmanship of the Finnish Red Cross.
1923 - The Nursing Act of 1919 becomes effective and Ethel Bedford-Fenwick is the first nurse registered in the UK.
1923 - Yale School of Nursing becomes the first autonomous school of nursing in the U.S. with its own dean, faculty, budget, and degree meeting the standards of the University.
1923 - Mary Breckinridge, the founder of the Frontier Nursing Service, travels 700 miles on horseback surveying the health needs of rural Kentuckians.

1931 - The Forgotten Frontier, a documentary about the Frontier Nursing Service, is filmed.
1938 - The Nurses Memorial in Arlington National Cemetery is erected in Section 21 (the "Nurses Section") to honor nurses who served in the armed forces during World War I. Over 600 nurses are buried at Arlington.

1942 - Banka Island massacre: Twenty one Australian nurses, survivors of a bombed and sunken ship, are executed by bayonet or machine gun by Imperial Japanese Army soldiers on February 16.
1948 - The National Health Service is launched on July 5.

1951 - Males join the United Kingdom same register of nurses as females for the first time helping to end to the discrimination against male nurses.
1951 - National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service,NAPNES, along with professional nursing organizations and the U.S. Department of Education created Vocational Nursing standards for education and the LPN / LVN level of nursing was created in the United States.
1956 - The Columbia University School of Nursing is the first in the U.S. to grant a master's degree in a clinical nursing specialty.

Your First Year as a Nurse: Making the Transition from Total Novice to Successful Professional

1960 - The University of Edinburgh initiates the first degree in nursing.
1966 - The Filipino Nurses Association was renamed as The Philippine Nurses Association.
1967 - The Salmon Report recommends the reorganisation of the NHS management, ultimately leading to the abolishment of matrons.
1967 - Dame Cicely Saunders sets up the first hospice in a suburb of London.
1969 - Dame Cicely Saunders is a guest speaker at Yale University at the invitation of Florence Wald, Dean of Yale School of Nursing.

1971 - The hospice movement is established in the United States when Florence Wald and her associates found Hospice, Inc.

1980 - The Roper, Logan and Tierney model of nursing, based upon the activities of daily living, is published.
1983 - The importance of human rights in nursing is made explicit in a statement adopted by the International Council of Nurses.
1983 - UKCC becomes the profession's new regulatory body in the UK.
1985 - Miss Virginia Henderson is presented with the first Christianne Reimann Prize by the International Council of Nurses in June.
1988 - Anne Casey develops her child-centered nursing model while working as a paediatric oncology nurse in London.

1992 - Eddie Bernice Johnson is the first nurse elected to the U.S. Congress.

2002 - The Nursing and Midwifery Council takes over from the UKCC as the UK's regulatory body.



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